FPGA | 現場可程式化邏輯閘陣列
現場可程式化邏輯閘陣列是什麼?
您可能不知道,許多電腦晶片在出廠前就先設定好它的應用範圍,這就是所謂的ASIC「特定應用積體電路」。最好的案例,就是早期的GPU圖形處理器,它是一組專門用來繪製圖像的晶片;不過現在,在GPGPU通用圖形處理器越來越普及的當下,已經有點模糊它是否還符合ASIC的定義。與ASIC相反的產品,就是FPGA「現場可程式化邏輯閘陣列」;顧名思義,這種晶片出廠後還能由使用者重新設定功能,調整它適合執行的任務。FPGA之所以能做到這一點,因為採用可重新配置、重新設定的邏輯閘,並透過積體電路的布圖規劃,確保運算資源可彈性地重複使用。
我們用一個比較好懂的舉例來解釋:一般的家具大多只能扮演一種功能,椅子就是椅子、桌子就是桌子,等等。FPGA如同一套能重新組裝的家具,依照您的需求,可扮演椅子、桌子、床、衣櫃……等角色。多功能、彈性大的FPGA唯一的缺點,就是要價大多比ASIC晶片來得昂貴。
我們用一個比較好懂的舉例來解釋:一般的家具大多只能扮演一種功能,椅子就是椅子、桌子就是桌子,等等。FPGA如同一套能重新組裝的家具,依照您的需求,可扮演椅子、桌子、床、衣櫃……等角色。多功能、彈性大的FPGA唯一的缺點,就是要價大多比ASIC晶片來得昂貴。
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